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01 мая 2003 Журнал "FIBA Assist Magazine"

Виды спорта: Баскетбол

Рубрики: Профессиональный спорт

Автор: Messina Ettore, Molin Emanuele

The Fundamentals Of The Man-To-Man Defense

The Fundamentals Of The Man-To-Man Defense

The Fundamentals Of The Man-To-Man Defense

Ettore Messina won three Italian Championships, three Italian Cups, two Euroleague Championships, and one Cup of Cups. With the Italian National team, Messina won a gold medal at the Mediterranean Games, one silver medal at the Goodwill Games, and at the European Championship in Barcelona. He was selected Coach of the Year three times in Italy, and once as European Coach of the Year. He is Vice President of the European Coaches Association. He coached Benetton Treviso to the 2003 Italian Cup.

Emanuele Molin coached the youth teams of Mestre and Virtus Bologna before becoming an assistant coach with Treviso and Virtus Bologna, where he worked with Ettore Messina and other top coaches. He is currently the assistant coach at Benetton Treviso.

A good offense has to be ready to beat the defense, especially in 1-on-1 and 2-on-2 situations. It also has to know how the defense moves and reacts on weakside plays. Active ball movement and the proper spacing of the offensive players on the court are problems a defense will face. On the strongside, the defense has to work hard against one-on-one situations, screens set by a perimeter player for a big man, and pick-and-roll situations. For all these reasons, the defense must also be ready to rotate and help out on the weakside as well. The main goal of the defense in these situations is to force and limit the offense to 1-on-1 and 2-on-2 options. All penetrating passes are to be denied. These are passes directly into the post areas, or passes to the wings that may lead to a post pass. You want to keep the offense from working on the weak side because there the options are several, including: dribble penetration and kick away for jump shot; 1-on-1 with the defender on a help-and-recover situation; post-up situations with their big man; advantages from spacing and movement of the ball; and second shot attempts after a rebound.

The best way to provide a consistently solid team defense is to emphasize the one-on-one defense. This defensive strategy places all the responsibility on the individual player to stop his man from passing and attempting to score. With each defensive player now responsible for his own man, it makes it easy for a coach to find defensive mistakes when a basket is scored and note which player made the mistake. Since there is individual defensive responsibility, the coach will then know what to suggest to a particular player about how to react during crucial moments of the game. Daily practice sessions should be geared towards improving the individual defensive techniques of your players and having them learn to anticipate the offensive moves, both as individual defenders and as a member of team working together on defense.

DRILL N. 1
DEFENSE ON THE CROSS-OVER STEP

The offensive player passes to the coach, follows the pass, receives a hand-off pass, and then makes a strong cross-over dribble. To avoid being beaten on this play, the defensive player must make a retreat step and, at the same time, a lateral slide in order to keep his body between the ball and the basket (diagr. 1). When the defensive player has his chest between the ball and the basket, we call this “making a wall.” (RULE N.1).

DRILL N. 2
MOVE WITH THE BALL


The emphasis in this drill is on the defensive position to be used on the offensive player with the ball, as well as the slides that need to be made, all which are based on the movements of the ball (diagr.2 and 3). When the ball changes sides and is in the hands of the offensive player, we stress the importance of reacting and correcting the position of the body, which again, is based on ball movement. In this way, the player is ready to “make a wall” on the ball. The defensive player has to be able to think on his feet and be able to analyze and anticipate various offensive situations. He has to learn to increase the defensive pressure when the offensive player wants to pass the ball and slightly decrease the pressure when he wants to start the dribble.

DRILL N. 3
DYNAMIC ONE-ON-ONE: THE RECOVERY


In the diagr. 4 and 5, the coach fakes a dribble penetration on a one-on-one situation and then passes the ball to the weakside. The defender and offensive player react to this situation by playing one-on-one without the ball. On the pass, the defensive player, while recovering, changes his position from the weakside to the strongside, guarding the offensive player with the ball. While he is recovering, he should get closer to the offensive player with short, quick steps, faking to go toward the ball with his hands: the aim is not to allow a jump shot to be taken. Immediately after, he should be able to react by stepping back, stopping the possible dribble penetration, and forcing the offensive player towards the baseline (do not allow any dribble penetration in the middle of the court).

The second aim is to force the offense out of their usual positions, pressuring the ball and anticipating all passes (RULE N. 2).

On the strongside, the defense must anticipate in such a way as to force the offensive players to receive the ball in those positions where they are the least dangerous offensive threats (diagr. 6). In any case, the defense must slow down the ball movement without taking an open defensive stance and getting beaten by the backdoor cuts. On the weakside, the defender must position his body in such a way so he can intercept possible passes (diagr. 7), but at the same time, always being sure to watch his man and the ball.

On a dribble penetration (diagr. 8), he must adapt his stance, and as the ball gets closer, he will take an extra step in the lane (ready for a defensive help). It is crucial in this dynamic situation that the defensive player stays in the passing lane to keep the ball and offensive players out. We call this “stay on the passing lane,” as a way of reminding players that we can’t anticipate unless there is pressure on the ball. Here some drills we use to teach this phase of the defense.

DRILL N. 4 THREE-ON-THREE: DEFENSIVE ZIPPER

From a situation of 3-on-3 (diagr.9), the coach has the ball, fakes a one-on-one situation, and then uses dribble penetration. The defenders on the weakside must then adapt their position and pack the three-second lane, without losing sight of their own offensive players (diagr. 10).

When the coach passes the ball outside, the defenders recover on their man, contesting the potential passing lanes. Once one of the offensive players receives the ball from the coach, they play three-onthree.

DRILL N. 5 THREE-ON-THREE: COME UP WITH THE BALL

This drill is similar to the previous one, except that the coach starts on the weakside (diagr. 11). The offensive player with the ball, along with a defensive player on him, penetrates with a dribble. As this move is started, the other two defenders slide into the lane. When the offensive player passes the ball to the coach, who is positioned in the middle of the floor, the three defenders then slide high toward the ball, contesting the position in the passing lane (diagr. 12).

It must be noted that this is naturally a tougher situation than the players will encounter in an actual game, where a pass from that position to the center of the court is contested and/or slowed down.

DRILL N. 6 THREE-ON-THREE: JUMP TO THE BALL

As seen in the diagr. 13 and 14, this drill is made from a sequence of cuts and positions, where the defenders change their positions, going from the weak to the strong side of the court.

The aim of this drill is to teach the defense to close up when the ball is near the basket (with the pass), and then open up, when the ball is passed away, but always keeping pressure on the passing lanes.

The third aim is to defend, prevent shots inside the lane, and “control all defensive rebounds” (RULE N. 3).

To achieve this goal, you do not only need to contest the offensive players in the low post, stop the dribble penetrations, and crowd the lane, but you also need to understand the offense of the other team and make the proper defensive match-ups. We always want to have our center patrol the lane and we help him choosing the proper tactics for defending against one or more offensive sets, which attempt to bring him out of the lane with a pick-and-roll.

Don’t forget that improving individual defensive skills can be assured though daily practice. Our defensive rules don’t create confusion for our players because they practice defense regularly and know exactly what they need to do. What we have described here is only the foundation of our defensive philosophy.

Additional aspects of man-to-man defense that have to be worked on include how to defend against shooters using a screen; back picks of the perimeter players for the big men; the pick-and-roll; and also the double team on the post, which necessitates a defensive rotation.

SUMMATION

In order for a team to play an effective man-to-man defense, all five players on the court must work together. While there is much individual responsibility in the man-to-man defense, the ability of each player to help each other is critical.

The strength of a team comes from having a clear idea of exactly what to do in different defensive situations the players will encounter during the course of a game. We work every day in practice to achieve our defensive aims because we strongly believe that good defensive work is a skill that can be learned and improved, just like passing and shooting. All this hard work will yield results.

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